Toluene (UN 1294, ERG 130)
Quick Reference
What is Toluene?
Is a liquid that is used as a solvent in paints, resins and glues and as a fuel additive. Also used widely in industrial synthesis of substances such as plastics, nylon and various pharmaceuticals. It is transported in containers ranging from 20 L “jerry-cans” to tank trucks and rail cars. Is used recreationally (“huffing”).
Crew Safety
- Staging/Perimeter
- Leak without fire risk: 50m, uphill and upwind.
- If a tank, highway or rail tank is involved in a fire: 800m, uphill and upwind.
- Additional Resources
- Fire department for rescue, isolation of hazard, and fire risk.
- PPE requirements
- SCBAs and chemical protective clothing for rescue and gross decontamination.
- Organic vapour cartridges not sufficient due to unknown vapour concentration.
- Consider organic vapour cartridges after decontamination in case patient vomits.
- Safely initiating patient contact
- Patient brought to crew in a safe, well-ventilated area. Gross decontamination prior to contact.
- If clothing removed and initial rinsing done crew may help with further decon (flushing eyes, etc.)
Effect on the Patient
Most rapid routes of absorption are inhalation and ingestion. Exact mechanism of toxicity is not known. Causes CNS depression, loss of motor control, confusion, loss of consciousness, arrythmia, and acidosis. Myocardium becomes sensitive to catecholamines. Vomiting may occur if ingested, and emesis poses secondary exposure risk.
Patient Decontamination
- Remove contaminated clothing, flush exposed skin with water for 2 – 3 minutes followed by washing with soap and water.
- For eye exposure, flush for 15 minutes.
Patient Treatment
- Avoid administering epinephrine, even in cardiac arrest. May cause refractory Vfib. Treat with indicated antiarrhythmic.
- Otherwise, treat as per CPGs with emphasis on oxygenation and ventilation.
Safe Transfer of Care
Provided patient has been decontaminated secondary exposure risk is vapour from emesis if ingestion occurred. Emesis should be bagged and moved to a well-ventilated area. Organic vapor cartridges may be used on respirators but should not be relied on for long-term protection if exposure risk is ongoing.
Paramedic and Equipment Decontamination
Primary concern is sources of Toluene vapor. Air out ambulance, remove contaminated items and dispose in a plastic bag. If emesis present wear respirator with organic vapour cartridge while cleaning.
Quick Access Resources
DPIC Monograph
Paramedic Specialist Safety Data Sheet
No SDS available.
Emergency Response Guidebook
CDC Fact Sheet for Toluene
Revision History
| Version | Date | Changes | Author |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.0 | 2026-05-01 | Initial version | Clinical Hub |